{"id":8531,"date":"2019-09-27T17:11:10","date_gmt":"2019-09-27T15:11:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/idraetshistorie.dk\/?page_id=8531"},"modified":"2019-10-07T16:18:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-07T14:18:22","slug":"the-fight-about-gymnastics-over-100-years","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/idraetshistorie.dk\/the-fight-about-gymnastics-over-100-years\/","title":{"rendered":"The fight about gymnastics over 100 years"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The fight about gymnastics
over 100 years<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"\"<\/p>

Hans Bonde (born in 1958) is Professor, Ph.D. and Doctor of Philosophy in history at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen. At the national team and Danish champion in judo 1977, 1978 and 1981. Lecturer and tour guide in European capitals about the cultural history of the body. For his research and proficiency in communication, Hans Bonde received the Prize for Gender Equality by the Union of Employees in Retail and Administration (HK), 1994; \u2018Teacher of the Year\u2019, Copenhagen University, 2004; the Gerlev Prize 2007; \u2018Best Danish History Book, 2007; the Danish Association of Masters and PhDs, Research Prize for Humanities, 2009; Prize for Gender Research, Paul Lyngby\u2019s Foundation, 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pre-order the book: press<\/span>@forlag.sdu.dk<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dedicated to<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Former principal Gunnar B. Hansen, who risked his neck and in 1992 took the crucial step of opening the school to the modern, enlightened society.<\/p>


Bon mot 1<\/strong><\/p>

The inauguration of the impressive swimming hall and the beautiful new art for the park of the school was not only the celebration of the progress and renewal of one folk high school. To me, it also marked the entrance to a time when the folk high schools \u2013 after several years of difficult conditions \u2013 again feel that things are moving in the right direction. A time, when the folk high schools again are going to play an important part for Danish society and the Danish population.<\/p>

(from the then Minister of Education Bertel Haarder\u2019s inauguration speech, Yearbook, 2007, p. 4.)<\/em><\/p>


Bon mot 2<\/b><\/p>

Popular information, enlightenment for life and democratic formation are the core values of the folk high school. Freedom is embodied in the dealings with these concepts by the individual school and the individual teacher.<\/p>

(Principal Uffe Strandby, Yearbook 2009, p.33)<\/em><\/p>


Astro-Gymnastics<\/strong><\/p>

Go on a starlit night,
\u00a0\u00a0stand on your head,
leave your feet dangling
\u00a0\u00a0outwards into space,
and let the starry
\u00a0\u00a0firmament you tread
be, for the moment,
\u00a0\u00a0your elected base.<\/p>

Feel Earth\u2019s colossal weight
\u00a0\u00a0of ice and granite,
of molten magma,
\u00a0\u00a0water, iron, and lead;
and briefly hold
\u00a0\u00a0this strangely solid planet
balanced upon
\u00a0\u00a0your strangely solid head.<\/p>

(Danish poet and polymath Piet Hein)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The picture from the inauguration of Ollerup Arena, where Minister of Culture Mette Bock (Liberal Alliance) gave the inauguration speech, shows how functional the new arena is for the gymnastics of the elite team and many other activities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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PREFACE BY BERTEL HAARDER<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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- ESSENCE OF THE HISTORY OF DANISH FOLK HIGH SCHOOLS AND DANISH CULTURE <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The story about the Academy of Physical Education in Ollerup is not only part of the history of the Danish tradition of folk high schools, but also a story about Danes with attitudes, ambitions and a burning love of the mother country \u2013 so burning that their posthumous reputation was somewhat stained by their blindness to democracy and their admiration of totalitarian dictators such as Mussolini and Hitler. The same was the case with one of the greatest authors of the world, Norwegian Knut Hamsun, and one of Denmark\u2019s greatest playwrights, Kaj Munk, who, however, in the end, spoke so forcefully against the German occupation power that it cost him his life.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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FOLK HIGH SCHOOLS: [Danish: Folkeh\u00f8jskoler]<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The strong independent Danish farmers\u2019 movement established a tradition of the \u2018folk high schools\u2019 that were intended to allow young people to be educated at colleges in the countryside where the aim was not to take degrees or exams but to develop themselves in a spirit of community with other young people. However, in this book, Ollerup Folk High School is called the \u2019Academy of Physical Education in Ollerup\u2019, which is the present name of the school.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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It is easy to show hindsight, and the victors always write the history. Let us remember that the history of Danish literature would be considerably poorer if we were to leave out the many naive and unsuspecting intellectuals who praised Communism and Stalin without knowing what happened in Gulag.<\/p>

Knut Hamsun\u2019s wonderful novels do not become less valuable because he was a political dreamer and the Nazis\u2019 useful fool. That does not change the fact that he turned me and numerous others into lovers of literature. And what about the Danish Harald Bergstedt\u2019s poems \u201dThe sun is so red, mother\u201d, \u201cI know about a lark\u2019s nest\u201d and<\/p>

Do the Danish writers Hans Kirk\u2019s and Martin Andersen Nex\u00f8\u2019s novels become less valuable because both subscribed to Communism? And what about Norwegian writer Nordahl Grieg\u2019s \u201cSurrounded by enemies\u201d?<\/p>

In the same way, one can ask: Does the founder of the \u2019Academy of Physical Education in Ollerup\u2019 Niels Bukh\u2019s contribution to the youth, the gymnastics and the revival of so-called \u2018folkelig\u2019 democratic national sentiment become less valuable because he, like so many others, was a critic of democracy and politically illiterate like some other people from the folk high schools in the 30\u2019s?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Danish concept of \u2018folkelighed\u2019<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Danish concept of \u2018folkelighed\u2019, translated here as \u2018democratic national senti\u00adment\u2019, is central to an understanding of the thinking of the Danish rural population. Folkelighed<\/em> has a range of meanings (democratic spirit, common touch, broad popular appeal) that contrast with \u2018elitist\u2019 and the concept involves a vision that all citizens of a society can come together in a national community. In this vision, the farmers are the backbone of the nation since they feed the rest of the population, and in Denmark they played a crucial role in the realization of parliamentarism in 1901.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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One cannot totally compare the examples, because Niels Bukh\u2019s work was not only about a healthy mind in a healthy body, but also about a healthy people, by which was meant a people that did not let itself be led by sectional interest and party-political \u2018bickering\u2019, but by good citizenship and a will to be led by strong authorities. As we know, this way of thinking can be misused by demagogues and warmongers. In his fascination of the Third Reich, Niels Bukh, however, went much further than Kaj Munk as Bukh co-operated with the Germans far into the occupation of Denmark.<\/p>

In the 30\u2019s, Ollerup was paid a visit by the Japanese Shigeoshy Matsumae, who visited some Danish folk high schools and later founded the big Tokai University Group, based on Grundtvig\u2019s ideas. In his books, he wrote with enthusiasm about the visits. However, he took a small reservation as to Ollerup, which he found too militaristic. He himself was a pacifist and was punished for that during the war.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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GRUNDTVIGIANISM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The common denominator in and the main source of inspiration for the Danish farmers\u2019 movement was Grundtvigianism, an ideology inspired by the highly influential Danish poet and clergyman N.F.S. Grundtvig (1783\u20131872), who argued against the \u2018dead and weary\u2019 knowledge in the Danish school system and tried to revive the mythological heritage of Scandinavia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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In Pr\u00e6st\u00f8, Matsumae established a boarding school, which later became a Danish-Japanese sports folk high school. I met him when I as minister of education was to hold the inauguration speech. He showed me a photo album from the visits to Danish folk high schools. I have seen some of the pictures as huge photostats in the entrances at the Tokai University in Tokyo and once at the Tokai University on Hokkaido. The university in Tokyo has a small museum about Denmark and Grundtvig with old and new books in Danish, Japanese and English by, among others, the Danish historian Ove Korsgaard.<\/p>

In Japan, Danish gymnastics has quite a special aura. Gymnastics is called \u2019Denmaku taiso\u2019, and, among others, the Jiyu Gakuen schools engage in Danish gymnastics and have participated in national festivals of the Danish Gymnastics and Sports Associations. Niels Bukh\u2019s gymnastics gave the original inspiration.<\/p>

The point is: Niels Bukh and his work are not only a monument and a milestone in the history of the Danish folk high schools. Niels Bukh\u2019s gymnastics was known far beyond the borders of Denmark. \u2019Strong man\u2019 or not: You have to hand it to him that he inspired ten thousands of young people and gave them strength of will, a sense of citizenship, body-consciousness and substance in their lives \u2013 exactly what was the historical contribution by the folk high school in a country and a people that were bent down by defeat and surrender.<\/p>

The many former Ollerup students and members of staff have good reasons to love and praise Niels Bukh\u2019s work and school. It is with Niels Bukh as with so many other things: Everything human is fragile and has a reverse side. Therefore, we sing, \u201dAny glory, any stain I shall carry\u2026\u201d in the patriotic song \u201cI love the green groves\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The students\u2019 meetings have grown quite a lot since Niels Bukh\u2019s first time. Here is a photo from the students\u2019 meeting in 1917 when Niels Bukh teaches at Ollerup Folk High School, three years before he has his own school built just beside it. Bukh at the bottom to the right. Note that Bukh is not yet placed at the top of the group. It comes later on more hierarchical images.
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In my home at R\u00f8nshoved Folk High School, we talked quite a lot about Ollerup and about Niels Bukh and Kristian Krogshede (who later founded Gerlev Sports Folk High School). At R\u00f8nshoved, too, we offered a popular a leader education for the gymnastics and sports associations, for which the folk high schools were the main suppliers.<\/p>

At students\u2019 meetings and parents\u2019 days there were fine gymnastics shows where it was also allowed to look at the girls\u2019 beautiful forms. They started with flag entry and singing Grundtvig\u2019s \u201dHail to thee, our flag \/ cross flag white \u2026 the Danes follow you freely.\u201d The boys (the farmhands) marched in singing, \u201dWithout sorrow we cannot sing your name, Denmark\u201d, which like the hymn-like \u201dDenmark for thousand years\u201d was written by the great, but forgotten poet, Valdemar R\u00f8rdam. \u201dThe hymn\u201d finishes with the solemn words, \u201cUse us where you can \/ take us man by man \/ stand will our mother country \/ as free men\u2019s inheritance.\u201d<\/p>

Today, this will make many chuckle; but we must remember the historical background: The traumatic fever from Dybb\u00f8l [where the Danes were defeated by the Germans in 1864] and meaningless sacrifices. It was \u201cSons of the defeated\u201d who were singing (cf. Johannes V. Jensen\u2019s poem with the same name).<\/p>

The Danish national rising was so impressive that a whole generation of Koreans have been taught about it! Eleven pages in the authorized geography book dealt with Denmark! The defeated and divided Korea saw Denmark as the elevating example of a nation which pulled itself up by its bootstraps by virtue of general education and \u2013 yes, the spirit of the people.<\/p>

Hans Bonde\u2019s description of the new body-consciousness of Ollerup in the interwar-period, which was also expressed in the beautiful statues at the sports buildings such as \u00d8sterbro swimming pool (and the big, sports stadium in Rome from the 1930\u2019s) and again in the introduction of new gymnastics lines, dance, parkour and fitness over the latest decades, is instructive and thought-provoking \u2013 healthy reading at a time of body scare!<\/p>

Hans Bonde does much more than tell the story about Niels Bukh. Hans Bonde gives the account literary spirit while maintaining the professional historian\u2019s precision. The book is an ambitious attempt at developing the jubilee genre, partly by taking its starting point in pictures expressing an essential theme in each of the 100 years, partly by letting 100 \u2018historical witnesses\u2019, living and dead, unfold the history from their perspectives and based exactly on the sources available.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

At the same time, Hans Bonde shows that, since Niels Bukh\u2019s time, Ollerup gymnastics has formed rings in the water far beyond gymnastics and has influenced the development of modern stretching, Jane Fonda\u2019s workout and \u2013 perhaps most surprising \u2013 yoga, which many people considered purely and originally Indian. On top of that, we find the imprint of Ollerup gymnastics in sculpture, literature and photo art as can be seen on the inciting front-page of the book.<\/p>

In the book is investigated for the first time how Niels Bukh\u2019s successors managed his legacy. It is exciting like a crime story to follow the nerve-racking, politically coloured clash between Bukh\u2019s two successors, culminating in the fall of one of them, but also his rehabilitation on the occasion of this book and the 100 years jubilee.<\/p>

Equally fascinating is the description of the conflicts related to principal Gunnar B. Hansen\u2019s opening in 1992 of Bukh\u2019s personal archives, which led to deep divisions within the group of students, which now \u2013 and hopefully not least helped by the jubilee book \u2013 are being healed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

Finally, the book encircles the present principal Uffe Strandby\u2019s time and shows us how men and women succeeded in developing the architecture and art of the school with a creativity and at a speed reminding us of Bukh\u2019s golden days and, in 2019, culminating in the beautiful new Ollerup Arena.<\/p>

Bukh\u2019s impressive buildings are now the setting of events with quite another content than Bukh originally had planned. In a totally new manner, the four free schools in Ollerup can celebrate democracy and the Danish constitution at the annual Democracy Festival.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

Hans Bonde has succeeded in depicting the whole of this 100 years long journey of an important Danish folk high school. It is not only the history of folk high schools and gymnastics. It is the history of Denmark and some of the most important parts of Danish cultural history.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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According to tradition, the Danish flag Dannebrog is shown to the spectators, who as usual have risen to pay their respect. Here, in April 2019, it is at the show by the Ollerup student team’s opening of a show in Ollerup Arena in 2019. The Danish flag, which in the time of absolutism is an exclusive, royal symbol, became popular national heritage from the 1880\u2019s. This happened not least through rural gymnastics. Today, Dannebrog is still an important part of popular culture at gymnastics shows throughout the country. <\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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CONTENTS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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PREFACE BY BERTEL HAARDER<\/strong><\/p>

I) OPENING PROCESSION BY HANS BONDE <\/strong><\/p>

II) A NEW KIND OF MAN (1920-1932)<\/strong><\/p>

III) DRAWN TO GERMANY (1933-1943)<\/strong><\/p>

IV) NEW ORIENTATION (1944-1950) <\/strong><\/p>

V) IN THE MASTER\u2019S FOOTSTEPS (1951-1967)<\/strong><\/p>

VI) THE YOUTH REBELLION AND OLLERUP (1968-1975)<\/strong><\/p>

VII) <\/strong>CONFRONTATION WITH THE PAST (1976-98)<\/strong><\/p>

VIII) CULMINATING LEAPS: FLAGSHIP FOR DEMOCRACY (1999-2020)<\/strong><\/p>

IX) MARCH OUT<\/strong><\/p>

X) ENCORE: EVENTS OF THE YEAR<\/strong><\/p>

REGISTER OF NAMES\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>

SUBJECT INDEX<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Good bye and au revoir!<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout the author<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

Hans Bonde (born in 1958) is Professor, Ph.D. and Doctor of Philosophy in history at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen. At the national team and Danish champion in judo 1977, 1978 and 1981. Lecturer and tour guide in European capitals about the cultural history of the body. For his research and proficiency in communication, Hans Bonde received the Prize for Gender Equality by the Union of Employees in Retail and Administration (HK), 1994; \u2018Teacher of the Year\u2019, Copenhagen University, 2004; the Gerlev Prize 2007; \u2018Best Danish History Book, 2007; the Danish Association of Masters and PhDs, Research Prize for Humanities, 2009; Prize for Gender Research, Paul Lyngby\u2019s Foundation, 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pre-order the book: press<\/span>@forlag.sdu.dk<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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CREDIT<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Text: Hans Bonde
Translation: Birgith Lotzfeldt
Design: Stanis Elsborg
Publisher: University Press of Southern Denmark<\/p>

Photos: Handed out by Hans Bonde<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The fight about gymnastics over 100 years About the author Hans Bonde (born in 1958) is Professor, Ph.D. and Doctor of Philosophy in history at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen. At the national team and Danish champion in judo 1977, 1978 and 1981. Lecturer and tour guide in European capitals […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8497,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe fight about gymnastics over 100 years <<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read the preface to Hans Bondes book 'From outskirts to forefront - 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